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Canine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer   

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摘要: 体细胞克隆是指将体细胞注射到去核卵母细胞中,并进行融合构建重构胚胎,再将其移植回受体输卵管,使之发育成一个完整个体的一项技术。通过该技术获得的后代其绝大部分遗传物质完全来自于体细胞。因此,该技术可以快速获得大量优良性状的个体或是进行保种。通过探讨犬的体细胞克隆技术,可以成功实现犬优良性状个体的快速扩繁,同时也可以对体细胞进行基因编辑,再进行克隆,进而改变犬的某些性状。

关键词: 体细胞克隆, 体细胞, 遗传物质, 细胞融合

材料与试剂

  1. 胚胎操作液(自配)
  2. 细胞融合液(自配)
  3. M199(Invitrogen)
  4. FBS(Gibco)
  5. 透明质酸酶(Sigma)
  6. Ionomycin(Sigma)
  7. 6-DMAP(Sigma)
  8. 矿物油(Sigma)
  9. 培养皿(Corning)
  10. 口吸管(自制)
  11. 玻璃针(国产)

仪器设备

  1. 倒置显微镜(Olympus-IX73)
  2. 显微操作系统(TransferMan 4r)
  3. CO2培养箱(Thermo-4111)
  4. 生物安全柜(ESCO-AC2-6S1)
  5. 体视显微镜(Nikon-SMZ745)
  6. 电融合仪(BTX-ECM2001)

实验步骤

  1. 确定犬卵母细胞成熟的时间并冲卵,收集体内成熟的卵母细胞;
  2. 用0.1%的透明质酸酶脱去卵母细胞上的颗粒细胞;
  3. 将脱去颗粒细胞的卵母细胞用Hoechst染色5 min;
  4. 染色完成后清洗胚胎,并将胚胎转移到胚胎操作液中;
  5. 在倒置显微镜下用固定针固定好卵母细胞,将极体置于3点钟方向;
  6. 在荧光照射下可以看到细胞核,并用注射针吸去细胞核,第一极体及周边的胞质;
  7. 用注射针吸取体细胞,并将体细胞注射到去核的卵母细胞卵周隙中;
  8. 将重构好的胚胎用电融合液清洗两次,再移入电融合液中;
  9. 调节好电融合参数(电压:4 kV/cm;时间:10 μs;脉冲数:2次),进行电融合;
  10. 融合后的胚胎用胚胎培养液清洗3遍,转入胚胎培养基中,放入培养箱30 min;
  11. 电融合后的胚胎再进行化学激活(10 μmol/L Ionomycin处理4 min;1.9 mmol/L 6-DMAP处理4 h);
  12. 激活后用胚胎培养基清洗3遍,放入培养箱中培养,待移植。

结果与分析

  1. 重构胚胎的融合率低,可能与卵母细胞的成熟程度或是融合的条件和参数有关;
  2. 体细胞克隆效率低,可能与体细胞的类型和整个克隆操作效率有关。

失败经验

  1. 细胞融合过程中需要将胚胎摆好,让体细胞的位置与电流方向垂直;
  2. 细胞电融合过程中可以适当提高电压或是换用点状电极。

溶液配方

  1. 胚胎操作液
    M199+10%FBS
  2. 胚胎培养液(SOF)
    3%(v/v) EAA + 1%(v/v) NEAA + BSA (3 g/L) + Hepes (10 mM) + NaCl (63.35 mg/ml) + KCl (5.35 mg/ml) + KH2PO4 (1.6 mg/ml) + MgCl·6H2O (1.8 mg/ml) + NaHCO3 (21 mg/ml) + CaCl·2H2O (26.2 mg/ml) + L-Glu (29.2 mg/ml) + 1% P/S(v/v) + 肌醇 (0.5 mg/ml) + 丙酮酸钠 (0.2 mM) + 0.6%乳酸钠(v/v)
  3. 电融合液
    0.26 M mannitol + 0.1 mM MgSO4 + 0.5 mM Hepes + 0.05%(w/v) BSA

致谢

  1. 感谢北京希诺谷生物科技有限公司提供的实验场地、实验用犬及技术研发;
  2. 研究成果以“Generation of ApoE deficient dogs via combination of embryo injection of CRISPR/Cas9 with somatic cell nuclear transfer”发表在Journal of Genetics and Genomics杂志上。

参考文献

  1. 胡敏华,周志东, 王晓民 , 龙海斌 , 倪庆纯 , 刘运忠. (2015) 实验用Beagle犬的繁殖性能分析. 广东畜牧兽医科技, 3: 41-44.
  2. 张敦伟, 王晓民, 连雪科, 刘运忠, 高 翔, 倪庆纯. (2013) Beagle犬活体取胎及其成纤维细胞的培养. 实验动物与比较医学, 3: 210-214.
  3. Bouchard, G. F., Solorzano, N., Concannon, P. W., Youngquist, R. S., Bierschwal, C. J. (1991) Determination of ovulation time in bitches based on teasing, vaginal cytology, and elisa for progesterone. Theriogenology 3: 603-11.
  4. Feng, C., Wang, X. M., Shi, H., Yan, Q. M., Zheng, M., Li, J., Zhang, Q. J., Qin, Y. M., Zhong, Y. G., Mi, J. D., Lai, L. X. (2018). Generation of ApoE deficient dogs via combination of embryo injection of CRISPR/Cas9 with somatic cell nuclear transfer. J Genet Genomics 45: 47-50.
  5. Concannon, P. W. (1986). Canine pregnancy and parturition. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 16: 453-75.
  6. Evans, J. M., and Savage, T. J. (1970) The collection of vaginal smears from bitches. The Veterinary record 87: 598-599.
  7. Jang, G., Kim, M. K., Oh, H. J., Hossein, M. S., Fibrianto, Y. H., Hong, S. G., Park, J. E., Kim, J. J., Kim, H. J., Kang, S. K., Kim, D. Y., Lee, B. C. (2007) Birth of viable female dogs produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Theriogenology 5: 941-7.
  8. Zou, Q. J., Wang, X. M., Liu, Y. Z., Ouyang, Z., Long, H. B., Wei, S., Xin, J. G., Zhao, B. T., Lai, S. S., Shen, J., Ni, Q. C., Yang, H. Q., Zhong, H. L., Li, L., Hu, M. H., Zhang, Q. J., Zhou, Z. D., He, J. X., Yan, Q. M., Fan, N. N., Zhao, Y., Liu, Z. M., Guo, L., Huang, J., Zhang, G. G., Ying, J., Lai, L. X., Gao, X. (2015). Generation of gene-target dogs using CRISPR/Cas9 system. J Mol Cell Biol 6: 580-3.
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Copyright: © 2022 The Authors; exclusive licensee Bio-protocol LLC.
引用格式:王晓民, 赖良学. (2022). 犬体细胞克隆. // 实验动物胚胎操作实验手册. Bio-101: e1010974. DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.1010974.
How to cite: Wang, X. M. and Lan, L. X. (2022). Canine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. // Embryo Manipulation Manual of Laboratory Animals. Bio-101: e1010974. DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.1010974.
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