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Determination of Gelatinization Temperature of Rice Starch (Alkaline Digestion)   

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实验原理:淀粉在常温下不溶于水,但当生淀粉在水中加热到一定温度时,淀粉溶胀,胶束结构全部崩溃,淀粉分子形成单分子,并为水所包围,分裂形成均匀半透明糊状溶液的现象即糊化。淀粉受热后,在一定温度范围内,淀粉粒开头破坏,晶体结构消失,体积膨大,粘度急剧上升,呈粘稠的糊状,即成为非结晶性的淀粉。淀粉糊化温度必须达到一定程度,而不同淀粉的糊化温度是不一样的,糊化温度随原料种类、淀粉粒大小等的不同而异。碱消值(Alkali spreading value, ASV) 与糊化温度刚好相反,高的碱消值对应低的糊化温度,反之亦然。所以可以通过测定碱消值的方法间接测定糊化温度。
实验目的:可以检测水稻种子中米粉的碱消值,进而得到水稻种子的糊化温度。

材料与试剂

  1. 稻米
  2. 氢氧化钾 (国药试剂,分析纯)

仪器设备

  1. 电热恒温鼓风干燥箱 (黄石市恒丰医疗器械有限公司)
  2. 精米机 (JMJ-100型,铁岭精泰制米机械股份有限公司)
  3. 稻谷出糙机 (JLGJ4.5,台州市粮仪厂)
  4. 5 cm x 5 cm x 2 cm的有机玻璃或塑料制的有盖方盒
  5. 10 ml移液器 (Eppendorf, USA)
  6. 玻璃棒
  7. 恒温箱

实验步骤

  1. 水稻种子成熟收获后晒干或者烘干,然后将种子进行脱粒处理。
  2. 种子在室温保存3个月后利用稻谷垄谷机上脱壳得到糙米。
  3. 糙米在精米机上粉碎成精米。
  4. 取6粒成熟饱满的整精米置于方盒内,加入10.0 ml 1.70%的氢氧化钾溶液。用玻璃棒将盒内米粒排布均匀,加盖。
  5. 将平稳移至30 ± 2 °C的恒温箱内,保温约23小时。
  6. 把方盒平稳地取出,逐粒观察米粒胚乳的分解情况,按(表1)进行分级记录。
  7. 稻米样品的碱消值计算:碱消值=∑ (G·N)/6
    其中G表示每粒米的级别(表1),N表示同一级的米粒数。

    表1. 碱消值(糊化温度)分级标准
    Table 1. Grading standards of alkali spreading value by visual assessment


    表2. 稻米的糊化温度分类
    Table 2. Gelatinization temperature of rice classification

注意事项

  1. 移动方盒时应防止米粒移动。
  2. 观察米粒分解时以分解度为主。
  3. 内标样实测的数值与已知标准数值相对相差应在0.5级以内。
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Copyright: © 2018 The Authors; exclusive licensee Bio-protocol LLC.
引用格式:彭波, 李一博. (2018). 糊化温度的测定(碱消法). Bio-101: e1010166. DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.1010166.
How to cite: Peng, B. and Li, Y. B.  (2018). Determination of Gelatinization Temperature of Rice Starch (Alkaline Digestion). Bio-101: e1010166. DOI: 10.21769/BioProtoc.1010166.
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