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Optical Clearing and Index Matching of Tissue Samples for High-resolution Fluorescence Imaging Using SeeDB2

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Rice Ragged Stunt Virus Propagation and Infection on Rice Plants

Authors: Chao Zhang, Chaonan Shi, Dong Chen and Jianguo Wu, date: 10/20/2018, view: 20, Q&A: 0

Virus inoculation is a basic experimental procedure to evaluate the resistance of a rice variety or a transgenic material upon virus infection. We recently demonstrated that Rice Ragged Stunt Virus (RRSV), an oryzavirus that is ...

Examining Autophagy in Plant by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

Authors: Xiyin Zheng, Chenguang Zhao and Yule Liu, date: 10/20/2018, view: 27, Q&A: 0

In plants, macroautophagy, here referred as autophagy, is a degradation pathway during which the double-membrane structure named autophagosome engulfs the cargo and then fuses with vacuole for material recycling.

To investigate the ...

Pneumatic Method to Measure Plant Xylem Embolism

Authors: Paulo R. L. Bittencourt, Luciano Pereira and Rafael S. Oliveira, date: 10/20/2018, view: 19, Q&A: 0

Embolism, the formation of air bubbles in the plant water transport system, has a major impact on plant water relations. Embolism formation in the water transport system of plants disrupts plant water transport capacity, impairing plant functioning ...

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Rice Ragged Stunt Virus Propagation and Infection on Rice Plants

Authors: Chao Zhang, Chaonan Shi, Dong Chen and Jianguo Wu, date: 10/20/2018, view: 20, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Virus inoculation is a basic experimental procedure to evaluate the resistance of a rice variety or a transgenic material upon virus infection. We recently demonstrated that Rice Ragged Stunt Virus (RRSV), an oryzavirus that is transmitted by brown planthopper (BPH), can suppress jasmonic acid-mediated antiviral defense through ...

Examining Autophagy in Plant by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

Authors: Xiyin Zheng, Chenguang Zhao and Yule Liu, date: 10/20/2018, view: 27, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] In plants, macroautophagy, here referred as autophagy, is a degradation pathway during which the double-membrane structure named autophagosome engulfs the cargo and then fuses with vacuole for material recycling.

To investigate the process of autophagy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to monitor the ultrastructure of ...

Pneumatic Method to Measure Plant Xylem Embolism

Authors: Paulo R. L. Bittencourt, Luciano Pereira and Rafael S. Oliveira, date: 10/20/2018, view: 19, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Embolism, the formation of air bubbles in the plant water transport system, has a major impact on plant water relations. Embolism formation in the water transport system of plants disrupts plant water transport capacity, impairing plant functioning and triggering plant mortality. Measuring embolism with traditional hydraulic methods is both ...

Real-time PCR Analysis of PAMP-induced Marker Gene Expression in Nicotiana benthamiana

Authors: Fan Liu, Yuanpeng Xu, Yan Wang and Yuanchao Wang, date: 10/05/2018, view: 156, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) often triggers various innate immune responses in plants. The transcriptional changes of defense-related genes are often used as a marker to assay PAMP-triggered plant immune response. Here we described a protocol to monitor the relative expression level of marker genes in Nicotiana ...

An Image Analysis Pipeline to Quantify Emerging Cracks in Materials or Adhesion Defects in Living Tissues

Authors: Stéphane Verger, Guillaume Cerutti and Olivier Hamant, date: 10/05/2018, view: 108, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Microcracks in materials reflect their mechanical properties. The quantification of the number or orientation of such cracks is thus essential in many fields, including engineering and geology. In biology, cracks in soft tissues can reflect adhesion defects, and the analysis of their pattern can help to deduce the magnitude and orientation of ...

Live Confocal Imaging of Brachypodium Spikelet Meristems

Author: Devin Lee O'Connor, date: 09/20/2018, view: 341, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Live confocal imaging of fluorescent reporters and stains in plant meristems provides valuable measurements of gene expression, protein dynamics, cell polarity, cell division, and growth. The spikelet meristem in the grass Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) is well suited to live imaging because of the ease of dissection, small ...

Fabrication and Use of the Dual-Flow-RootChip for the Imaging of Arabidopsis Roots in Asymmetric Microenvironments

Authors: Claire E. Stanley, Jagriti Shrivastava, Rik Brugman, Elisa Heinzelmann, Viktoria Frajs, Andreas Bühler, Dirk van Swaay and Guido Grossmann, date: 09/20/2018, view: 883, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] This protocol provides a detailed description of how to fabricate and use the dual-flow-RootChip (dfRootChip), a novel microfluidic platform for investigating root nutrition, root-microbe interactions and signaling and development in controlled asymmetric conditions. The dfRootChip was developed primarily to investigate how plants roots interact ...

GC-MS-Based Analysis of Methanol: Chloroform-extracted Fatty Acids from Plant Tissues

Authors: Manish Kumar Patel, Shubhashis Das and Jitendra Kumar Thakur, date: 09/20/2018, view: 309, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Fatty acids (FAs) are carboxylic acids with long aliphatic chains that may be straight, branched and saturated or unsaturated. Most of the naturally occurring plant FAs contains an even number of carbon (C4-C24). FAs are used in food and pharmacological industries due to their nutritional importance. In addition, FAs are considered as a promising ...

In planta Transcriptome Analysis of Pseudomonas syringae

Authors: Tatsuya Nobori and Kenichi Tsuda, date: 09/05/2018, view: 879, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Profiling bacterial transcriptome in planta is challenging due to the low abundance of bacterial RNA in infected plant tissues. Here, we describe a protocol to profile transcriptome of a foliar bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, in the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana at an early stage of ...

Artificial Inoculation of Epichloë festucae into Lolium perenne, and Visualisation of Endophytic and Epiphyllous Fungal Growth

Authors: Yvonne Becker, Kimberly A. Green, Barry Scott and Matthias Becker, date: 09/05/2018, view: 267, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Natural hosts for the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae include Festuca rubra (fine fescue) and Festuca trachyphylla (hard fescue). Some strains also form stable associations with Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass). L. perenne is a suitable host to study fungal endophyte–grass interactions, such as endophytic ...