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Quantification of Mouse Hematopoietic Progenitors’ Formation Using Time-lapse Microscopy and Image Analysis

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Isolation of Thylakoid Membranes from the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Analysis of Their Photosynthetic Pigment-protein Complexes by Clear Native-PAGE

Authors: Josef Komenda, Vendula Krynická and Tomas Zakar, date: 01/05/2019, view: 154, Q&A: 0

Cyanobacteria represent a frequently used model organism for the study of oxygenic photosynthesis. They belong to prokaryotic microorganisms but their photosynthetic apparatus is quite similar to that found in algal and plant chloroplasts. The key ...

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Isolation of Thylakoid Membranes from the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Analysis of Their Photosynthetic Pigment-protein Complexes by Clear Native-PAGE

Authors: Josef Komenda, Vendula Krynická and Tomas Zakar, date: 01/05/2019, view: 154, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Cyanobacteria represent a frequently used model organism for the study of oxygenic photosynthesis. They belong to prokaryotic microorganisms but their photosynthetic apparatus is quite similar to that found in algal and plant chloroplasts. The key players in light reactions of photosynthesis are Photosystem I and Photosystem II complexes (PSI and ...

Visualization and Quantification of Cell-to-cell Movement of Proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana

Authors: Mila C Blekemolen, Mariliis Tark-Dame and Frank L.W Takken, date: 12/20/2018, view: 446, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Cell-to-cell movement of proteins through plasmodesmata is a widely-established mechanism for intercellular signaling in plants. Current techniques to study intercellular protein translocation rely on single-cell transformation using particle bombardment or transgenic lines expressing photo-inducible fluorophores. The method presented here allows ...

Genome-wide Estimation of Evolutionary Distance and Phylogenetic Analysis of Homologous Genes

Authors: Meixia Zhao, Biao Zhang, Jianxin Ma and Damon Lisch, date: 12/05/2018, view: 350, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Homologous genes, including paralogs and orthologs, are genes that share sequence homologies within or between different species. Homologous genes originate from a common origin through speciation, genetic duplication or horizontal gene transfer. Estimation of the sequence divergence of homologous genes help us to understand divergence time, which ...

Using Arabidopsis Mesophyll Protoplasts to Study Unfolded Protein Response Signaling

Authors: Yan Bao and Diane C. Bassham, date: 12/05/2018, view: 374, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Various environmental stresses or artificial reagents can trigger unfolded protein accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to the folding capacity of the ER being exceeded. This is termed ER stress, and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). Assays for activation of the UPR in plants include Tunicamycin (Tm)- or dithiothreitol ...

An Innovative Approach to Study Ralstonia solanacearum Pathogenicity in 6 to 7 Days Old Tomato Seedlings by Root Dip Inoculation

Authors: Niraj Singh, Rahul Kumar and Suvendra Kumar Ray, date: 11/05/2018, view: 452, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Ralstonia solanacearum (F1C1) is a Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium that causes lethal wilt disease in a wide range of plant species. This pathogen is very well known for its unpredictable behavior during infection and wilting its host. Because of its mysterious infection behavior, virulence and pathogenicity standardization are ...

Rice Ragged Stunt Virus Propagation and Infection on Rice Plants

Authors: Chao Zhang, Chaonan Shi, Dong Chen and Jianguo Wu, date: 10/20/2018, view: 394, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Virus inoculation is a basic experimental procedure to evaluate the resistance of a rice variety or a transgenic material upon virus infection. We recently demonstrated that Rice Ragged Stunt Virus (RRSV), an oryzavirus that is transmitted by brown planthopper (BPH), can suppress jasmonic acid-mediated antiviral defense through ...

Examining Autophagy in Plant by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

Authors: Xiyin Zheng, Chenguang Zhao and Yule Liu, date: 10/20/2018, view: 493, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] In plants, macroautophagy, here referred as autophagy, is a degradation pathway during which the double-membrane structure named autophagosome engulfs the cargo and then fuses with vacuole for material recycling.

To investigate the process of autophagy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to monitor the ultrastructure of ...

Pneumatic Method to Measure Plant Xylem Embolism

Authors: Paulo R. L. Bittencourt, Luciano Pereira and Rafael S. Oliveira, date: 10/20/2018, view: 450, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Embolism, the formation of air bubbles in the plant water transport system, has a major impact on plant water relations. Embolism formation in the water transport system of plants disrupts plant water transport capacity, impairing plant functioning and triggering plant mortality. Measuring embolism with traditional hydraulic methods is both ...

Real-time PCR Analysis of PAMP-induced Marker Gene Expression in Nicotiana benthamiana

Authors: Fan Liu, Yuanpeng Xu, Yan Wang and Yuanchao Wang, date: 10/05/2018, view: 659, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) often triggers various innate immune responses in plants. The transcriptional changes of defense-related genes are often used as a marker to assay PAMP-triggered plant immune response. Here we described a protocol to monitor the relative expression level of marker genes in Nicotiana ...

An Image Analysis Pipeline to Quantify Emerging Cracks in Materials or Adhesion Defects in Living Tissues

Authors: Stéphane Verger, Guillaume Cerutti and Olivier Hamant, date: 10/05/2018, view: 440, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Microcracks in materials reflect their mechanical properties. The quantification of the number or orientation of such cracks is thus essential in many fields, including engineering and geology. In biology, cracks in soft tissues can reflect adhesion defects, and the analysis of their pattern can help to deduce the magnitude and orientation of ...

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