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Production and Bioassay of a Diffusible Factor that Induces Gametophyte-to-Sporophyte Developmental Reprogramming in the Brown Alga Ectocarpus

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Determination of the Cellular Ion Concentration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using ICP-AES

Authors: Louise Thines, Anne Iserentant and Pierre Morsomme, date: 08/20/2020, view: 598, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been perceived over decades as a highly valuable model organism for the investigation of ion homeostasis. Indeed, many of the genes and biological systems that function in yeast ion homeostasis are conserved throughout unicellular eukaryotes to humans. In this context, measurement of the yeast ...

Gas Chromatography Detection Protocol of Short-chain Fatty Acids in Mice Feces

Authors: Chaozheng Zhang, An Liu, Tianshuang Zhang, Yi Li and Hua Zhao, date: 07/05/2020, view: 811, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are formed mainly by bacteria fermenting undigested carbohydrates in the colon, they are based on the number of carbon atoms in the carbon chain. Organic fatty acids with less than 6 carbon atoms are called short-chain fatty acids. SCFAs are closely related to various aspects of the human body, so more and ...

Pancreatic Acinar Cell Preparation for Oxygen Consumption and Lactate Production Analysis

Authors: Jane A. Armstrong, Robert Sutton and David N. Criddle, date: 05/20/2020, view: 919, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Mitochondrial dysfunction is a principal feature of acute pancreatitis (AP) although the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. AP precipitants induce Ca²⁺-dependent formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in pancreatic acinar cells (PACs), leading to ATP depletion and necrosis. Evaluations of mitochondrial ...

Quantification of Fatty Acids in Mammalian Tissues by Gas Chromatography–Hydrogen Flame Ionization Detection

Authors: Fumie Hamano, Suzumi M Tokuoka, Tomomi Hashidate-Yoshida, Hideo Shindou, Takao Shimizu and Yoshihiro Kita, date: 05/05/2020, view: 1165, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] In mammalian organisms, fatty acids (FAs) exist mostly in esterified forms, as building blocks of phospholipids, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters, while some exist as non-esterified free FAs. The absolute quantification of FA species in total lipids or in a specific lipid class is critical in lipid-metabolism studies. To quantify FAs in ...

In vivo Quantification of Alkanes in Escherichia coli

Authors: Tabinda Shakeel, Zia Fatma and Syed Shams Yazdani, date: 04/20/2020, view: 1210, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Microbial production of alkanes employing synthetic biology tools has gained tremendous attention owing to the high energy density and similarity of alkanes to existing petroleum fuels. One of the most commonly studied pathways includes the production of alkanes by AAR (acyl-ACP (acyl carrier protein) reductase)-ADO (aldehyde deformylating ...

Quantitative Determination of Ca²⁺-binding to Ca²⁺-sensor Proteins by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry

Authors: Seher Abbas and Karl-Wilhelm Koch, date: 04/05/2020, view: 1091, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Diverse and complex molecular recognitions are central elements of signal transduction cascades. The strength and nature of these interaction modes can be determined by different experimental approaches. Among those, Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) offers certain advantages by providing binding constants and thermodynamic parameters from ...

Shared Pheromonal Communication of Specific Fear Between Adult Sprague Dawley Rats

Authors: Samantha J. Carew and Abhinaba Ghosh, date: 03/20/2020, view: 835, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Rats are highly social animals, and mainly communicate with one another in two ways: through ultrasonic vocalizations and pheromones. Most research on pheromones has been dedicated those regarding sexual behavior, but more recently pheromones which signal danger to conspecifics have been identified in rodents. In fact, rats are capable of ...

Live Mitochondrial or Cytosolic Calcium Imaging Using Genetically-encoded Cameleon Indicator in Mammalian Cells

Authors: Elisa Greotti and Tullio Pozzan, date: 02/05/2020, view: 1808, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Calcium (Ca²⁺) imaging aims at investigating the dynamic changes in live cells of its concentration ([Ca²⁺]) in different pathophysiological conditions. Ca²⁺ is an ubiquitous and versatile intracellular signal that modulates a large variety of cellular functions thanks to a cell type-specific toolkit and a complex ...

Measurement of Chloroplastic NAD Kinase Activity and Whole Tissue NAD Kinase Assay

Authors: Yuuma Ishikawa, Maki Kawai-Yamada and Shin-nosuke Hashida, date: 01/05/2020, view: 1568, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) synthesis requires nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) kinase activity, substrate NAD and ATP. The NAD kinase responds to various environmental stimuli and its activity is regulated via various regulatory pathways, such as Ca²⁺-dependent and redox-dependent signals. Conventional in ...

Intracellular cAMP Measurements in Candida albicans Biofilms

Authors: Liuliu Jiang, Shengyan Chen, Kairui Sun, Peng Zhou and Xin Wei, date: 12/05/2019, view: 1345, Q&A: 0

[Abstract] Candida albicans is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. Infection by C. albicans is closely associated with its ability to form a biofilm, closely packed communities of cells attached to the surfaces of human tissues and implanted devices, in or on the host. When tested for susceptibility to antifungals, such as ...

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