Q&A Jul 23, 2026

An Efficient Parallel Single-Primer PCR Method for Site-Directed Mutagenesis Abstract Regulation of gene expression by histone modifications is a fundamental process in cells. Dysregulation of epigenetic regulators, either by altered expression or activity, is a hallmark of many cancers and contributes to the initiation and progression of tumors. Notably, cellular metabolism is closely intertwined with epigenetic regulation, as several metabolites directly influence the epigenetic landscape. Her...

Q&A Jul 22, 2026

SCENITH PROTOCOLStandard Operating Procedure for Single-Cell Energetic Metabolism Profiling by Flow CytometryProtocol Name:SCENITH Protocol (Single-Cell Energetic Metabolism Profiling by Translation Inhibition)Target Application:Intracellular Flow Cytometry / Metabolic ProfilingIncubation Conditions:37°C, 5% CO2 / 4°C / Room Temperature (RT) 1. Step-by-Step Execution ProcedureStep #Procedure / ActionStep 1Pre-heat the three metabolic drugs (C, DG, O) and puromycin at 37°CStep 2Label Eppendorf tu...

Q&A Jul 17, 2026

OverviewThis assay quantifies phagocytic activity of Drosophila larval hemocytes using fluorescent bacterial bioparticles and flow cytometry. Hemocytes are identified/gated using Hml-Gal4, UAS-GFP, and phagocytosis is assessed by uptake of Alexa Fluor 488–labeled bioparticles.Step 1: Definition of Hemocyte Gating Using Hml-Gal4, UAS-GFPThis step is performed periodically to establish robust hemocyte gates and instrument settings on the CytoFLEX using a Hml-Gal4, UAS-GFP line, enabling subsequent...

Q&A Jul 15, 2026

A SIMPLE AND REPRODUCIBLE METHOD FOR EXTRACTION OF VIABLE SEEDS FROM RIPE TOMATO FRUITSAnjan Barman*Department of BiotechnologyPandu College, Maligaon, Guwahati-12, Assam, India*Address for Correspondence: E-mail: anjbth@gmail.comABSTRACT:Tomato seeds are harvested from mature and ripe fruits that involve extraction and separation of seeds from plant materials. Mechanical and chemical methods for separation of tomato seeds from plant materials are in regular practice. Here, a very simple approac...

Q&A Jul 10, 2026

Protocol for Determination of CuZn-Superoxide Dismutase (SOD-1) Activity in Human Erythrocytes Principle of the assay:CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) activity was determined according to the method of Misra and Fridovich, based on the inhibition of adrenaline auto-oxidation under alkaline conditions. The rate of adrenochrome formation was monitored spectrophotometrically at 320 nm. One unit of SOD-1 activity was defined as the amount of enzyme causing 50% inhibition of adrenaline auto-oxidatio...

Q&A Jul 7, 2026

Attached you find two videos illustrating the stimulus material. Please be advised, that the colors were corrected for isoluminance and isosaturation on our setup. The colors may appear dimmer/brighter or more/less saturated on your screen. Subjects had to attend both color ‘donoughts’ over the course of several seconds while the hues of each object changed continuously. Afterwards either objects color switched to grey and subjects had to dial in the color that just disappeared. Subjects either ...

Q&A Jul 6, 2026

Protocol for Detection of Palmitoylated Proteins 1. Detection via Click Chemistry Reaction 1.1 Procedure 1.1.1Seed cells in a 15-cm dish at 2 × 10⁶ cells per dish. For metabolic labeling, incubate the cells with Alk-16 (palmitic acid-15-yne) at a final concentration of 50 µM in pre-warmed DMEM supplemented with 2 % (v/v) charcoal-stripped BI FBS and 1 % penicillin-streptomycin. Use DMSO-treated cells as a control. To ensure proper dissolution of Alk-16, sonicate or vigorously vortex the medium b...

Q&A Jul 3, 2026

Protocol to calculate EE% and DL% 1) Measuring parametersInitial amount of drug added: W initialAmount of free/unencapsulated drug in the supernatant or filtrate: W freeTotal weight of the final drug-loaded formulation: W formulation 2) Calculate encapsulated drugThe measuring parameters are usually based on the spectrophotometric method, where the absorbance values of the samples with a drug, and the supernatants after the centrifugation are measured. The amount (weight concentration) of free a...

Q&A Jun 28, 2026

AbstractManipur, a part of the Indo-Burmese biodiversity hotspot, is rich in indigenous fruits with high potential for value-added products such as fruit wines. This study aimed to develop standardized protocols for the preparation of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa), pineapple (Ananas comosus), and wild olive (Elaeocarpus floribundus) wines and to determine their total phenolic content (TPC) and alcohol content. Wine samples were prepared using Saccharomyces cerevisiae under controlled fermentatio...

Q&A Jun 24, 2026

Following the reverse transcription reaction (20 µL), 10 µL was used for the first PCR, and the remaining 10 µL was stored at −80 °C as a backup. 1st PCRPrimer mixPrimer mixVolume(µL)24X mixGb F1a0.614.4Gb F1b0.37.2Ga F1a0.614.4Ga F1b0.37.2Ga F1c0.37.2Ga F1d0.614.4b-actin F0.49.6GR12.764.8b-actin R10.49.6 6.2148.8 Reaction10X LA buffer512025mM MgCl23.993.62.5mM dNTP8192LA  Taq polymerase0.512H2O16.4393.6Primer mix6.2148.8cDNA10  94℃ 2min;95℃ 30s;65℃ 10minGo to 2, 19cycles;72℃ 10min 2nd PCRThere ...