Abstract
After activation, T cells differentiate into different T helper (Th) subsets, namely Th1, Th2, and Th17. These different Th subsets are associated with the production of particular cytokines endowing them with different functions. In immunity against helminth infections the Th2 cell subset plays an important role. Th2 cells typically produce IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IL-9 resulting in antibody-isotype switching to IgE, eosinophilia, basophilia, mucin production, and smooth muscle cell hyperactivity. Here we analyze the development of the pathogen specific Th2 immune responses in mice after infection with the helminth parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri, the induction of innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2) and the activation of the inflammasome in macrophages by excretory/secretory products of Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri.
Part I. Generation and collection of Heligmosomoides poylgyrus (Hp) excretory/secretory (ES) products (HES)
Materials and Reagents
Equipment
Procedure
Recipes
Part II. Identification of helminth-induced type 2 CD4+ T cells
Part III. Identification of helminth-induced ILC2s
Acknowledgments
This protocol is an extended version of the one described in Zaiss et al. (2013). The research has received funding from the European community seventh framework program [FP7/2009–2014] under EC-GA no[241642] and part of this work was funded by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Institute of Arthritis Research. KMM is supported by EMBO long-term fellowship and the Australian NHMRC post-doctoral fellowship.
Competing interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest or competing interest.
References
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