TY  - JOUR
TI  - Combination of Sterile Injury and Microbial Contamination to Model Post-surgical Peritoneal Adhesions in Mice
AU  - Bayer, Julia 
AU  - Stroka, Deborah 
AU  - Kubes, Paul 
AU  - Candinas, Daniel 
AU  - Zindel, Joel 
VL  - 12
IS  - 16
PY  - 2022
DA  - 2022/08/20
SP  - e4491
C1  - Bio-protocol 2022;12:e4491
DO  - 10.21769/BioProtoc.4491
UR  - https://doi.org/10.21769/BioProtoc.4491
AB  - Abdominal surgeries are frequently associated with the development of post-surgical adhesions. These are irreversible fibrotic scar bands that appear between abdominal organs and the abdominal wall. Patients suffering from adhesions are at risk of severe complications, such as small bowel obstruction, chronic pelvic pain, or infertility. To date, no cure exists, and the understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms of adhesion formation is incomplete. The current paradigm largely relies on sterile injury mouse models. However, abdominal surgeries in human patients are rarely completely sterile procedures. Here, we describe a modular surgical procedure for simultaneous or separate induction of sterile injury and microbial contamination. Combined, these insults synergistically lead to adhesion formation in the mouse peritoneal cavity. Surgical trauma is confined to a localized sterile injury of the peritoneum. Microbial contamination of the peritoneal cavity is induced by a limited perforation of the microbe-rich large intestine or by injection of fecal content. The presented protocol extends previous injury-based adhesion models by an additional insult through microbial contamination, which may more adequately model the clinical context of abdominal surgery.Graphical abstract:
KW  - Post-surgical adhesion
KW  - Microbe contamination
KW  - Peritoneum
KW  - Mice
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Peritoneal button
KW  - Cecal ligation and puncture
KW  - Peritoneal adhesion index
JF  - Bio-protocol
SN  - 2331-8325
PB  - Bio-protocol LLC.
BIO101  - False