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Volume 11, 2021
Volume 10, 2020
Volume 9, 2019
Volume 8, 2018
Volume 7, 2017
Volume 6, 2016
Volume 5, 2015
Volume 4, 2014
Volume 3, 2013
Volume 2, 2012
Volume 1, 2011
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Biochemistry
Purification of Flagellin from
Acidovorax avenae
and Analysis of Plant Immune Responses Induced by the Purified Flagellin
Authors:
Hiroyuki Hirai
,
Takehito Furukawa
,
Yuya Katsuragi
and
Fang-Sik Che
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
6158,
Q&A:
1
Plants sense potential pathogens by recognizing conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that cause PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) including the generation of reactive oxygen species, callose deposition, and expression of several PTI-related genes.
Acidovorax avenae
is a Gam-negative bacterium that causes a seedling disease ...
More >>
Determination of VPS34/PIK3C3 Activity
in vitro
Utilising
32
P-γATP
Authors:
Michael J. Munson
and
Ian G. Ganley
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
7055,
Q&A:
0
VPS34 is the only class III phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) in mammalian cells and produces the vast majority of cellular phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate [PI(3)P]. PI(3)P is a key signalling lipid that plays many membrane trafficking roles in processes such as endocytosis and autophagy. VPS34 is a key cellular regulator, loss of function can ...
More >>
Determination of the H
+
-ATP Synthase and Hydrolytic Activities
Authors:
Javier García-Bermúdez
,
Cristina Nuevo-Tapioles
and
José M. Cuezva
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
6396,
Q&A:
0
The H
+
-ATP synthase of the inner mitochondrial membrane utilizes the proton gradient generated by the respiratory chain to synthesize ATP. Under depolarizing conditions, it can function in reverse by hydrolyzing ATP to generate a proton gradient. The protocols presented here allow the facile determination of both the synthetic and ...
More >>
Quantification of 2-Hydroxyglutarate Enantiomers by Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry
Authors:
William M. Oldham
and
Joseph Loscalzo
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
8284,
Q&A:
0
Two enantiomers of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), L (L2HG) and D (D2HG), are metabolites of unknown function in mammalian cells that were initially associated with separate and rare inborn errors of metabolism resulting in increased urinary excretion of 2HG linked to neurological deficits in children (Chalmers
et al
., 1980; Duran
et al
...
More >>
Cell Biology
Determination of Cellular Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) Levels Using a Fluorescently Labelled Selective PI3P Binding Domain (PX)
Authors:
Michael J. Munson
and
Ian G. Ganley
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
5966,
Q&A:
0
The lipid Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate [PtdIns3P or PI(3)P] plays many membrane trafficking roles and is primarily produced by the Class III PI3K, VPS34. Determining the level of cellular PI(3)P however can be complex. Extraction of cellular lipids by methanol/chloroform can struggle to separate and identify distinct phospholipid species. ...
More >>
Immunology
Adoptive Transfer of Tumor Expanded Regulatory T Cells (Tregs)
Authors:
Felipe Vences-Catalán
and
Shoshana Levy
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
7685,
Q&A:
0
Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of CD4
+
CD25
+
T cells, infiltrate tumors and suppress antitumor activity of effector T and NK cells. Depletion of Tregs by anti CD25
+
antibodies has been shown to reduce tumor growth and metastasis (Olkhanud
et al
., 2009). Conversely, adoptive transfer of Tregs induced ...
More >>
Macrophage Polarization by Tumor-induced MDSCs Assay
Authors:
Felipe Vences-Catalán
,
Minu K. Srivastava
and
Shoshana Levy
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
9505,
Q&A:
0
Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a subset of granulocytes (immature myeloid cells) that exploit a variety of mechanism to modulate the innate and adaptive immune system. MDSCs are present normally in the body, but their numbers increase during inflammation and in cancer, promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment. In addition to ...
More >>
Chromium-51 (
51
Cr) Release Assay to Assess Human T Cells for Functional Avidity and Tumor Cell Recognition
Authors:
Petra Baumgaertner
,
Daniel E. Speiser
,
Pedro Romero
,
Nathalie Rufer
and
Michael Hebeisen
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
14045,
Q&A:
0
Cytotoxic CD8
+
T cells are able to specifically recognize and kill target cells through specific interaction between their T cell receptors (TCRs) and small immunogenic peptides (antigens) presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The antigen recognition capacity and
in vitro
lytic activity of ...
More >>
Microbiology
A Modified Chromogenic Assay for Determination of the Ratio of Free Intracellular NAD
+
/NADH in
Streptococcus mutans
Authors:
Jonathon L. Baker
,
Roberta C. Faustoferri
and
Robert G. Quivey, Jr
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
9561,
Q&A:
2
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme present in all kingdoms of life and exists in two forms: oxidized (NAD
+
) and reduced (NADH). NAD(H) is involved in a multitude of essential metabolic redox reactions, providing oxidizing or reducing equivalents. The ratio of free intracellular NAD
+
/NADH is fundamentally ...
More >>
Neuroscience
A Controlled Cortical Impact Mouse Model for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors:
Heidi Y Febinger
,
Hannah E Thomasy
and
Carmelina Gemma
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
9588,
Q&A:
0
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions of people worldwide; however, the immediate impact of TBI and the secondary injury mechanisms are still not fully understood. TBI can cause devastating neuromotor deficits in both acute and chronic stages. Time course studies utilizing animal models of focal TBI have provided essential insight into TBI ...
More >>
Primary Explosive Blast-induced Traumatic Brain Injury Model in PC12 Cell Culture
Authors:
Thuvan Piehler
,
Nicole Zander
and
Richard Benjamin
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
5261,
Q&A:
0
While it is understood that structural damage occurs at the cellular level from the traumatic brain injury event, the effect on functional activity remains largely unknown. Simplified models such as
in vitro
models of primary explosive blast are critically needed to deconvolute mechanisms of cellular damage. This protocol details an
in
...
More >>
Plant Science
Determination of Recombinant Mannitol-1-phosphatase Activity from
Ectocarpus
sp.
Authors:
Agnès Groisillier
and
Thierry Tonon
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
6242,
Q&A:
0
Brown algae belong to a phylogenetic lineage distantly related to green plants and animals, and are found predominantly, but not exclusively, in the intertidal zone, a harsh and frequently changing environment. Because of their unique evolutionary history and of their habitat, brown algae feature several peculiarities in their metabolism. One of ...
More >>
15
N-nitrate Uptake Activity and Root-to-shoot Transport Assay in Rice
Authors:
Yongqiang Liu
,
Bin Hu
and
Chengcai Chu
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
8331,
Q&A:
0
15
N is a nonradioactive heavy isotope of nitrogen, widely used for biochemical and physiological research in plants. For instance,
15
N-KNO
3
was used as the nitrogen source in plants in order to investigate nitrate uptake activity and transport from roots to shoots (Lin
et al.,
2008). Here, we describe a ...
More >>
Experimental Pipeline for SNP and SSR Discovery and Genotyping Analysis of Mango (
Mangifera indica
L.)
Authors:
Michal Sharabi-Schwager
,
Mor Rubinstein
,
Mazal Ish shalom
,
Ravit Eshed
,
Ada Rozen
,
Amir Sherman
,
Yuval Cohen
and
Ron Ophir
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
7748,
Q&A:
0
Establishing a reservoir of polymorphic markers is an important key for marker-assisted breeding. Many crops are still lack of such genomic infrastructure. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are useful as markers because they are widespread over the genome and many technologies were developed for high ...
More >>
Stem Cell
Bone Marrow-derived Endothelial Progenitor Cell Intercellular Adhesion Assay
Authors:
Yubo Tang
,
Angela Jacobi
,
Corina Vater
,
Xuenong Zou
and
Maik Stiehler
,
date:
08/20/2016,
view:
7644,
Q&A:
0
Cell-cell adhesion ensures tight contacts between neighbouring cells, which is necessary for cell segregation, as well as for the morphological and functional differentiation of different tissues. Evidently there are cell-cell recognition systems that make cells of the same type preferentially adherent to one another. Homotypic cell adhesion is ...
More >>
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