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About Us
For Authors
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Submit Manuscript
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Editorial Criteria
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A peer-reviewed protocol journal. No publication fee; no access fee.
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Volume 11, 2021
Volume 10, 2020
Volume 9, 2019
Volume 8, 2018
Volume 7, 2017
Volume 6, 2016
Volume 5, 2015
Volume 4, 2014
Volume 3, 2013
Volume 2, 2012
Volume 1, 2011
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Biochemistry
Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA)-SDS-PAGE: A Novel Method for the Detection of O-GlcNAc-modified Proteins by Lectin Affinity Gel Electrophoresis
Authors:
Ko Fujioka
,
Yuji Kubota
and
Mutsuhiro Takekawa
,
date:
12/05/2018,
view:
4477,
Q&A:
0
Diverse cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins dynamically change their molecular functions by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification on serine and/or threonine residues. Evaluation of the O-GlcNAcylation level of a specific protein, however, needs multiple and time-consuming steps if using conventional methods (
e.g.
, ...
More >>
Purification of Globular Actin from Rabbit Muscle and Pyrene Fluorescent Assays to Investigate Actin Dynamics
in vitro
Authors:
He Sun
,
Yuanyuan Luo
and
Yansong Miao
,
date:
12/05/2018,
view:
3142,
Q&A:
0
Pyrene Fluorescent Assay is established to monitor the dynamic actin nucleation, elongation, capping and disassembly
in vitro
. This technique provides an easy handle procedure and straightforward visual data analysis. By coupling actin purification and polymerization assays in this protocol, the readers could quickly get the affordable ...
More >>
In vitro
Membrane Interaction and Liposome Fusion Assays Using Recombinant Hepatitis C Virus Envelope Protein E2
Authors:
Belén Yélamos
,
Mar Rodríguez-Rodríguez
,
Francisco Gavilanes
and
Julián Gómez-Gutiérrez
,
date:
12/05/2018,
view:
2567,
Q&A:
0
In order to study the mechanism underlying the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) fusion process we have performed assays using phospholipid liposomes and a truncated form of E2 protein, E2
661
(amino acids 384-661 of the HCV polyprotein) lacking the transmembrane region. E2
661
has been previously generated by using the baculovirus ...
More >>
Cancer Biology
Cluster Analysis of Endogenous HER2 and HER3 Receptors in SKBR3 Cells
Authors:
Selene K. Roberts
,
Michael Hirsch
,
Alexandra McStea
,
Laura C. Zanetti-Domingues
,
David T. Clarke
,
Jeroen Claus
,
Peter J. Parker
,
Lin Wang
and
Marisa L. Martin-Fernande
,
date:
12/05/2018,
view:
3047,
Q&A:
0
The Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER) family of receptor tyrosine kinases consists of four, single pass, transmembrane receptor homologs (HER1-4) that act to regulate many critical processes in normal and tumor cells. HER2 is overexpressed in many tumors, and the deregulated proliferation of cancerous cells is driven by cooperation with ...
More >>
Cell Biology
Blinded Visual Scoring of Images Using the Freely-available Software Blinder
Authors:
Steven D. Cothren
,
Joel N. Meyer
and
Jessica H. Hartman
,
date:
12/05/2018,
view:
3089,
Q&A:
0
In nearly all subfields of biomedical sciences, there are phenotypes that are currently classified by expert visual scoring. In research applications, these classifications require the experimenter to be blinded to the treatment group in order to avoid unintentional bias in scoring. Currently, many labs either use laborious and tedious methods to ...
More >>
Developmental Biology
Notochord Injury Assays that Stimulate Transcriptional Responses in Zebrafish Larvae
Authors:
Zhiqiang Zeng
,
Juan C Lopez-Baez
,
Laura Lleras-Forero
,
Hannah Brunsdon
,
Cameron Wyatt
,
Witold Rybski
,
Nicholas D Hastie
,
Stefan Schulte-Merker
and
E Elizabeth Patton
,
date:
12/05/2018,
view:
2803,
Q&A:
0
Zebrafish have become an increasingly important model organism in the field of wound healing and regenerative medicine, due to their high regenerative capacity coupled with high-resolution imaging in living animals. In a recent study, we described multiple physical and chemical methods to induce notochord injury that led to highly specific ...
More >>
Immunology
Flow Cytometry Assay for Recycling of LFA-1 in T-lymphocytes
Authors:
Katarzyna Potrzebowska
,
Janne Lehtonen
,
Malin Samuelsson
and
Lena Svensson
,
date:
12/05/2018,
view:
2692,
Q&A:
0
To enable cells to move forward, cell surface integrins are internalized into an endosomal compartment and subsequently intracellularly transported to be re-exposed at a new site on the cell membrane. Leukocytes are the fastest migrating cell type in the human body, which express the leukocyte-specific integrin LFA-1. Here, we describe a flow ...
More >>
Integrin Dependent RhoB Activation Assay Using Leukocytes
Authors:
Janne Lehtonen
,
Katarzyna Potrzebowska
,
Malin Samuelsson
and
Lena Svensson
,
date:
12/05/2018,
view:
1545,
Q&A:
0
To be able to migrate, leukocyte needs to re-use its adhesion molecules to move forward. These adhesion molecules are called integrins and are intracellularly transported via endocytosis and exocytosis in order to translocate to a new site on the cell membrane. The intracellular transportation is regulated by different small GTPases including ...
More >>
Ultrasound Guided Intra-thymic Injection to Track Recent Thymic Emigrants and Investigate T Cell Development
Authors:
Haiguang Wang
,
David L. Owen
,
Lily J. Qian
,
Laura B. Chopp
,
Michael A. Farrar
and
Kristin A. Hogquist
,
date:
12/05/2018,
view:
2587,
Q&A:
0
To track recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) or study T cell development in the thymus, intra-thymic injection of a cellular tag or precursor cells for various T cell lineages is often desired. However, the traditional surgical approach to expose the thymus for intra-thymic injection is time-consuming and can cause a high level of pain and stress to ...
More >>
Microbiology
Field Inoculation and Classification of Maize Ear Rot Caused by
Fusarium verticillioides
Authors:
Chaopei Dong
,
Yabin Wu
,
Jingyang Gao
,
Zijian Zhou
,
Cong Mu
,
Peipei Ma
,
Jiafa Chen
and
Jianyu Wu
,
date:
12/05/2018,
view:
3739,
Q&A:
0
Maize ear rot is a worldwide fungal disease mainly caused by
Fusarium verticillioides
and
Fusarium graminearum
. Maize planted in the field was inoculated with
Fusarium verticillioides
at the filling stage, 15 days after pollination. Two milliliters of spore suspension with a concentration of 5 x 10
6
/ml was ...
More >>
Quantitative Transformation Efficiency Assay for
Bacillus subtilis
Authors:
Christian L. Loyo
and
Briana M. Burton
,
date:
12/05/2018,
view:
4506,
Q&A:
0
Bacillus subtilis
(
B. subtilis
) is a model Gram-positive organism used to study a variety of physiological states and stress responses, one of which is the development of competence. Competence refers to the physiological state of a cell which allows it to be transformed naturally. Through induction of competence, the efficiency ...
More >>
An
in vitro
Microscopy-based Assay for Microtubule-binding and Microtubule-crosslinking by Budding Yeast Microtubule-associated Protein
Authors:
Yili Zhu
,
Weimin Tan
and
Wei-Lih Lee
,
date:
12/05/2018,
view:
3731,
Q&A:
0
In this protocol, we describe a simple microscopy-based method to assess the interaction of a microtubule-associated protein (MAP) with microtubules. The interaction between MAP and microtubules is typically assessed by a co-sedimentation assay, which measures the amount of MAP that co-pellets with microtubules by centrifugation, followed by ...
More >>
Plant Science
Genome-wide Estimation of Evolutionary Distance and Phylogenetic Analysis of Homologous Genes
Authors:
Meixia Zhao
,
Biao Zhang
,
Jianxin Ma
and
Damon Lisch
,
date:
12/05/2018,
view:
3947,
Q&A:
0
Homologous genes, including paralogs and orthologs, are genes that share sequence homologies within or between different species. Homologous genes originate from a common origin through speciation, genetic duplication or horizontal gene transfer. Estimation of the sequence divergence of homologous genes help us to understand divergence time, which ...
More >>
Using
Arabidopsis
Mesophyll Protoplasts to Study Unfolded Protein Response Signaling
Authors:
Yan Bao
and
Diane C. Bassham
,
date:
12/05/2018,
view:
3500,
Q&A:
0
Various environmental stresses or artificial reagents can trigger unfolded protein accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) due to the folding capacity of the ER being exceeded. This is termed ER stress, and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). Assays for activation of the UPR in plants include Tunicamycin (Tm)- or dithiothreitol ...
More >>
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